Packaging requirements are an important basis for product design and product acceptance. How to make packaging requirements scientific and rational have an important role in promoting the development of the entire packaging work? To this end, we are prepared to research and develop a "Product Packaging Requirements Intelligent Decision System" (hereinafter referred to as "system") whose main purpose is in the process of product demonstration, ordering, development and acceptance. Through the analysis of domestic and international packaging, to complete this system, we must first study in depth the factors that affect the packaging requirements. The packaging characteristics of products are one of the important reasons that affect the packaging requirements. In order to meet the requirements of packaging standardization, generalization, and software implementation, it is necessary to deeply study the grouping and coding of packaging characteristics from a macro perspective.
First, the classification of product packaging characteristics
The packaging characteristics of a product refer to the product characteristics associated with the packaging. Product features include many aspects, from the perspective of impact packaging requirements, at least consider the following 12 characteristics:
A. State of matter
The state of matter is the state of existence of the product. It mainly affects the packaging container. If the product is liquid, it cannot be packaged in the wooden box or the carton like the normal product, but the barrel or can should be used.
B. shape
The shape of the product mainly affects the structure, the fixed form, and the number of unit packages of the outer packaging container.
C. Size and weight
The size and weight of the product mainly affect the type, form and grade of the packaging container as well as the stacking height during transportation and storage.
D. structure
The structure of the product mainly affects the fixing of the product in the transport packaging container.
E. Chemically susceptible
Because the product is exposed to the atmosphere, it has different degrees of corrosiveness, such as ferrous metal (steel or iron) products are easier to rust than alloy metals. This feature of the product mainly affects the protection methods required for the product during transportation and storage, such as moisture-proof, rust-proof, waterproof, and anti-virus.
F. Vulnerable to physical damage
During the transportation process, the product is mainly affected by the impact and vibration loads. What expresses this kind of property is the inherent fragility property of the product. It mainly affects the protection method, that is, whether it needs buffer packaging and the degree of protection that needs to be adopted.
The external field forces mentioned here mainly refer to electrostatic stress, electromagnetic stress, magnetic field, and radioactive stress. This characteristic of the product will affect the protection method used, that is, whether it needs to use anti-static protection and anti-electromagnetic protection.
H. Harmful
The hazards of products are mainly reflected in flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, radioactivity, etc. It mainly affects the protection methods, protection grades, packaging marks, and some special provisions in the storage and transportation process.
I. Load type
The strength of the structure applied to the transport packaging container from the contents can be divided into three types: light load, medium load and heavy load. The light load means that the product is stable in the packaging container, and the product that does not move will not occur; the medium load means the product that is placed in the packaging container that has the separator or grid by means of binding or positioning; the heavy load means that the product is not All panels on the shipping container provide adequate support and products that require high protection. This packaging property of the product has an effect on the degree of protection and the way the package is secured in the packaging container.
J. Decomposition and composition
Whether the product has a decomposable combination has important effects on cleaning, reducing the package size, and facilitating transportation.
K. Material compatibility
The compatibility of materials is reflected in the cleaning materials, the inner wrapping materials, the binding materials, and the surfaces of the products themselves, which are compatible with each other. The protection problems caused by the packaging itself cannot occur.
L. Economical
The self-value of the product has a great influence on the packaging, and it is rationally packaged according to the actual situation, and neither "under-packing" nor "over-packaging" can occur.
Second, the necessity of grouping product packaging characteristics
The so-called grouping is to classify several things or features with the same attributes together. The product packaging feature grouping is to extract and distinguish the key features of the above 12 basic characteristics according to the same points in one or more aspects of the packaging requirements. The grouping of package characteristics is mainly based on the need for generalization and standardization of packaging and application design and implementation.
1. The need for product packaging "two changes"
"Twoizations" refers to the generalization and standardization of product packaging. China has a limited number of existing packaging materials and packaging containers. There are more than 130 packaging materials and packaging containers with mature standards, while there are more than 1,000 in the United States. To improve the standardization and universalization of packaging, it is necessary to proceed from a million kinds of products and comprehensively, systematically, and in-depthly study the categories, connotations, impacts on packaging requirements, and combinations thereof of product packaging characteristics. Because it is not a certain characteristic that directly requires a specific protection method, but several characteristics comprehensively affect one or some aspects of packaging requirements. After a reasonable grouping of packaging characteristics, the products are sorted according to the characteristics of the packaging, so that products with the same or similar packaging characteristics have uniform packaging requirements, use the same packaging materials and packaging containers, etc., thereby greatly improving the degree of standardization and generalization of packaging.
2. Software design and implementation needs
The "system" design and implementation use information coding technology. The basic principles of information coding are:
A. Principle of uniqueness
The information code is the identifier of the information and requires that the same kind of information has a unique code, that is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the information and the code. In this system, different product packaging characteristics have different requirements for packaging, so different packaging characteristic codes correspond to different packaging requirements. The above 12 kinds of product packaging characteristics if not grouped, different packaging characteristics may have the same packaging requirements, such as different shapes can also be the same packaging containers, so there are different codes for the same kind of packaging requirements.
B. Conciseness principle
The more bits in the code, the higher the processing speed and storage requirements of the computer, and the longer the code, the easier it will be during programming. Therefore, the number of digits of the code should be reduced as much as possible without affecting the functions of the system and the system capacity.
C. Extensibility principle
The extensibility is one of the important characteristics of the coding system. It is catastrophic to modify the loss caused by the coding system because the code space does not adapt to the development of information. With constant improvement of packaging engineering and continuous improvement in the degree of standardization, it is necessary to consider the development space for the characteristics of product packaging, and to provide enough spare codes for the further improvement of the degree and the upgrading of software. If the original information code is too long, it must be added. On the backup code, it violates the "concision principle", of course, scalability and simplicity are equivalent, in the specific coding should be comprehensively considered. $Page break $
Third, the product packaging characteristics of the grouping and encoding
As there is no research on the grouping of raw product packaging characteristics in the country at the moment, when doing this work, we mainly refer to the research ideas of the United States. From the surface materials of the products, the product weight and size, and the type of product surface protection agent, The characteristics are coded with a code of 4 digits, of which the material accounts for 2 digits, the weight size and the type of protective agent each occupy 1 digit. Due to the low degree of standardization in China, based on the national conditions, the packaging characteristics are divided into 4 groups: product quality, precision, type and structure, and size weight. Each group is assigned a 1-digit code with alphanumeric codes and numbers. Code combination. Details are as follows:
1 product material
According to GJB 1653 "Electronic and Electrical Equipment, Accessories and Spare Parts Packaging Specifications" in the product material on the protection method, the surface material classification of the product is encoded as follows (see Table 1):
Table 1 Product Material Classification and Coding
Do not use contact type 2 B
Contact Preservatives without Precision Surfaces C
Do not use contact antiseptic D
Electroplated, phosphatized or anodized metal with precision surface E
No precision surface F
Non-ferrous metals, copper alloys with precision surface G
No precision surface H
Aluminum, Babbit, Porous Steel with Precision Surface I
No precision surface J
Painted or porcelain metal K
Plastic or fiber L
Rubber M
Leather N
Optical glass, quartz, mica O
Carbon, graphite, asbestos, ceramics, glass P
Wood or cork Q
Fabric Products and Textiles R
Paper S
Other materials T
Note: 1. All precision surfaces are those that are susceptible to failure or failure when subjected to oxygen, moisture, sunlight, biological, temperature, time, or other factors; or have surface roughness no greater than 1.6 μm and require high cleanliness, vulnerability to shock, and vibration , worn or deformed surfaces.
2. Prohibiting the use of contact-type preservatives means that the product does not require preservatives or the use of the product will damage the product.
2 the precision of the product
The degree of precision of a product is mainly differentiated from the point of view of the product susceptible to physical damage, while brittleness is a key attribute that characterizes a product's vulnerability to physical damage, and the degree of precision of the product affects the protection method and degree of protection. Refer to the classification of products based on the fragile range in the "Military Packaging Engineering Handbook". See Table 2 for classification and coding of product precision:
Table 2 Product Classification
Fragile 25-40 Equipment, electronic equipment with machine buffer device 2
High precision products 40-60 Accessories for some important equipment, etc. 3
Precision Product 60-85 Receiving Device for Important Equipment 4
More solid product 85-115 mechanical tools and other 5
Solid products (non-precision) >115 Welded parts, wood products, chemicals, etc. 6
3 product type and structure
The type and structure of a product include aspects such as the state, structure, type, combination decomposability, and load type of the product. It has an important influence on the protection method, the degree of protection, the outer packaging container, and the fixed sealing method. Combining these points into consideration, the division and coding of product types and structures are shown in Table 3:
Table 3 Product Types and Structures
