With the economic development and improvement of people’s living standards, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the safety of food and medicine, as well as the expansion of varieties and output of agricultural and sideline products, the market’s demand for cold chain logistics is increasing, and cold chain logistics companies usher in Excellent development opportunity period. A cold chain logistics company in the province, which is mainly engaged in storage and transportation of frozen and fresh-keeping products, has newly built and expanded cold storage and purchased refrigerated transport vehicles to seize the ever-expanding cold chain logistics market.
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Food Safety Guarantee Recently, Sun Xianze, Director of the Department of Food Safety Coordination of the State Food and Drug Administration, stated at the national food and drug supervision and management work conference that China is in a period of high food safety risk and prominent contradictions, and the task of food safety special rectification Quite hard. Although the status of food safety in China has significantly improved over the past, the situation is still not optimistic.
At the same time, Sun Xianze also said that by the end of this year, China will conduct comprehensive food safety evaluations on 31 cities, and the variety monitoring will cover grain, oil, vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, fish and their products. During the year, the food and drug regulatory authorities at the provincial, city and county levels will all formulate emergency plans and operation manuals for major food safety accidents.
It can be seen that food safety is related to the health of the people and must not be falsified. Maintaining food safety has become a major concern for people's livelihood. Closely related to this is the application of cold chain technology and the improvement of the cold chain system.
"The deterioration of food is a major cause of food safety hazards and waste of resources. However, in China's food cold chain, pre-cooling is often neglected. Cold chain determines the value of food, and China should increase the development of cold chain technology in the future. To cope with this problem.†Paulson, president of Danfoss China in Denmark, told reporters at a press conference held by his group company recently on China’s food safety issues.
According to media reports, in the past four to five years, China's food cold chain and equipment manufacturing industry has developed, but only accounts for 20% of the required amount. Every year, only fruits, vegetables, and other foods that are rotting and spoiling during transportation are worth more than 700 billion yuan. China's current cold chain facilities and cold chain equipment are insufficient, old equipment is obsolete, development and distribution are uneven, and it is impossible to provide low-temperature protection for perishable food circulation systems. This has two direct consequences. The first is the large loss of perishable foods, especially primary agricultural products. Due to the high loss in the transportation process, the entire logistics cost accounts for 70% of the cost of perishable items. According to international standards, the highest cost of perishable items does not exceed 50% of its total cost; second, there are major hidden dangers in food safety.
Today, the refrigerated food transport rate in European countries, as well as in the United States and Japan, has reached 80% to 90%, while the refrigerated food transport rate in China is about 10%. If cold chain technology is further developed, it will significantly reduce the loss of food and other resources.
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Ushered in the period of historical opportunities Experts believe that there are many opportunities for cooperation between investors in the upstream and downstream links of the cold chain, especially in the third-tier logistics of cold chain. As for perishable foods in China, apart from foreign trade, most of the distribution and distribution of perishable foods are completed by manufacturers and distributors. The development of third-party logistics in food cold chain is lagging behind, and the service network and information systems are not sound enough. It has greatly affected the quality, accuracy and timeliness of food logistics in transit. At the same time, the cost of cold food chains and high product losses are high. According to relevant surveys, about 40% of domestic manufacturers are more willing to self-operate cold-store logistics business due to product quality control considerations; however, 60% of the manufacturers still hope to receive professional cold chain third-party logistics services. For example, cold- and quick-frozen food manufacturers mostly want partial and complete outsourcing of their logistics business; meat manufacturers are outsourcing their refrigerated logistics business in order to adapt to the rapidly growing industry requirements. Third-party logistics in the cold-chain market will become the focus of fierce competition among investors.
Experts pointed out that the application of cold chain technology has played a crucial role in ensuring the quality of food, and is closely related to consumers' dietary safety. The loss rate of fruits and vegetables transported through the frozen chain in the logistics sector is only 1%~2%, which can extend the preservation period to a greater extent.
The average annual food production value of China is about US$300 billion, and more than 20% of the food is wasted during transportation because it is not well-frozen. Only fruits, vegetables, and other agricultural products lost 25% to 30% in the logistics links such as picking, transportation, and storage. Each year, agricultural products with a total value of approximately US$9.25 billion are lost during transportation. The rot-losing fruits and vegetables can almost satisfy two The basic nutritional needs of the billion people account for the largest amount of losses in the world. The loss rate of fruits and vegetables in developed countries is controlled below 5%.
Due to lack of perfect cold chain, it also caused the retail price of some foods to remain high. Because 70% of the selling price of some perishable foods is used to subsidize the cost of breaking the goods during the logistics process. According to international standards, the highest logistics cost of perishable items does not exceed 50% of its total cost.
At the same time, China’s production and consumption of high-value frozen and perishable foods are increasing, which further increases the huge gap in the cold chain market. Some experts estimate that at present, China's refrigeration capacity only accounts for 20% to 30% of cargo demand.
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Embodying Value with Technology Because food cold chain is a supply chain system that guarantees the quality of perishable foods and maintains the low temperature environment as the core, it is more demanding and complex than the normal temperature logistics system, and the construction investment is also large. Many, it is a huge system project. At the same time, the operation of the food cold chain is always linked to energy costs. Effective control of operating costs is closely related to the development of the food cold chain. However, at present, our country's cold chain system is still only an early refrigeration equipment market. The cold chain technology that we have mastered cannot yet be fully applied in many food types, and there is a wide gap compared to the international advanced level.
In fact, the different kinds of commodities in the cold chain logistics also have different temperature and humidity requirements in the logistics environment. The cold storage temperature in China is generally set at 0 °C ~ 4 °C and -18 °C ~ -22 °C two, a few cold storage is set below -28 °C. It should be said that this kind of warehouse temperature design meets the temperature requirements for most commodity storage, but the optimal storage optimum temperature for different commodities is not exactly the same. From the perspective of improving the quality of commodity storage and prolonging the shelf life, the product should be subdivided, and different commodities should be Set its optimum storage temperature.
Cold chain technology is developed on the basis of food processing technology and refrigeration technology. It is a cryogenic system project involving food safety and high technological content. Since the cold food has a cumulative relationship with the quality reduction caused by time and temperature and humidity factors in the logistics process, technical and economic indicators of product control and storage time are required for different product varieties and different qualities. At present, the technical indicators of China's cold chain logistics are still not perfect. It is necessary to provide a unified and scientific recommendation range to the cold chain logistics enterprises technically, and to clarify the temperature and humidity of specific products such as meat, cold drinks and vegetables. Indicators and storage period. In addition, a uniform operating standard should also be established in terms of management, such as: loading and unloading speed, operation flow, inspection and inspection system, and requirements for low-temperature docking in all aspects of transportation, warehousing, distribution, and sales.
The quality of cold chain logistics is directly related to the food safety of ordinary people. Strengthening the supervision of the quality of cold chain logistics is the common responsibility of the whole society. It requires the joint efforts of production enterprises, logistics companies, sales companies and government departments. Due to the outdated hardware facilities, unbalanced development and distribution of cold chain logistics in China, inadequate service network and information systems, lack of professionals, and failure to provide thermal insulation for frozen fresh foods, there are huge hidden dangers in food safety. "Food spoilage is a major cause of hidden dangers in food safety accidents. The cause of food spoilage is caused by the life activities of microorganisms and the biochemical reactions carried out by enzymes in foods. It requires proper temperature and moisture, if it is at a low temperature, The growth of microorganisms will be reduced, the activity of enzymes will be weakened, the speed of biochemical reactions will slow down, and the storage period of foods will be prolonged.†Vice Chairman of Qiu Jiachang of Shanghai Refrigeration Society said that in the field of food circulation, the most effective means of ensuring food safety is Promote the use of cold chain technology.
In the future development of cold chain logistics in China, governments, industry organizations and related companies should work together to speed up the modernization of cold chain logistics, formulate uniform technical and management standards as soon as possible, strengthen the management and supervision of cold chain logistics quality, and make cold chain Logistics has embarked on a track of healthy and rapid development.
Application of Cold Chain Technology in Perspective of Food Safety
July 30 07:02:13, 2019
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