Basic rules to follow when maintaining the instrument

August 01 08:18:14, 2025

One Rule

When a system fails, it's often helpful to make small, controlled changes. Start by adjusting one parameter at a time and observe the results. Simple modifications can sometimes resolve the issue without requiring complex interventions. This approach helps you isolate the problem and avoid unnecessary troubleshooting.

Second Comparison Rule

Before performing any hands-on maintenance, try to identify the fault or determine a potential solution. The goal is to have a clear idea of what might be wrong before you start fixing it. For example, during an injection process, if the internal standard peak appears low, consider repeating the injection to check for consistency. If the issue persists, it could indicate a bubble in the sample loop or a flow irregularity. This rule is especially useful after making a system change, such as replacing a flow rate meter, to verify whether the problem was resolved. You can also run two standards before a formal injection to check retention time stability and chromatographic peak performance. If unexpected peaks appear during gradient elution, run a no-load gradient to confirm whether there’s a real issue. This helps avoid unnecessary adjustments and speeds up the correction process.

Third Replacement Rule

Replacing suspected faulty components with known good ones is one of the most effective troubleshooting methods. If you suspect the detector is causing noise, swap it out with a working one. If the issue disappears, the original detector was likely the problem. This rule can be applied at various levels, from replacing entire modules to swapping out individual circuit board components. It's a practical and efficient way to pinpoint issues without guesswork.

Fourth Back-Replace Rule

This rule works in conjunction with the replacement rule. After replacing a suspect component—like a flow rate meter—with a good one, if the problem remains, revert back to the original part. This ensures that you don’t waste resources on parts that may not be the root cause. It also prevents the use of potentially damaged or unreliable components. However, this rule only applies to single-fault scenarios. It shouldn't be used in the following cases: (1) When new parts are damaged upon removal (e.g., a pump gasket), (2) When the cost of the part is low (e.g., a column filter), (3) When reinstalling the original part poses a risk of damage, (4) When the part is replaced on a regular maintenance schedule.

Fifth Reference Condition Rule

There are typically two types of reference conditions: standard reference conditions and test reference conditions. Standard reference conditions, also known as standard test conditions, are consistent across different systems and laboratories. These conditions help compare data between actual tests and system performance. For instance, if the system pressure increases under certain test conditions but returns to normal under standard conditions, it suggests that the issue is related to the lab environment rather than the system itself. Using these reference points helps identify discrepancies and guide more accurate troubleshooting efforts.

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